There are essentially two main categories of risk:

–The immediate risks associated with

constructing the infrastructure (stations,

tunnels and ancillary structures), developing

the systems and preparing for opening;

–The risks affecting the future operation of

the metro.

The scope of this categorisation needs to be

qualified because, in practice, one category of

risk can have repercussions on the other.

Risks affecting project management

During the construction phase, a project as complex

as the Grand Paris Express presents many challenges

in terms of management and control: a large-scale

programme beset by the hazards of construction, a

complex industrial framework involving multiple

participants (contractors, engineers, architects,

programme management assistants), an ambitious

schedule, substantial cost items to be managed and

optimised, and technical and safety issues to be

controlled.

After the study phase, the start of operational

implementation (the current stage of the project)

requires activities to be monitored in

an even more integrated way and

control mechanisms to be

strengthened across all areas,

including costs, contracts, deadlines,

safety and quality.

The risk mapping therefore identifies six main families

of implementation risks, each of which requires a

different approach.

– Risks related to local community relations: loss of

political support and failures in partnerships, lack of

local acceptance of projects, etc.

– Internal programme management risks: fraud,

corruption, conflicts of interest, non-compliance

with standards, failure in crisis management,

functional disorganisation and inadequacy of the

managerial culture at different stages of the project,

functional inadequacy of the information systems,

lack of computer security, etc.

– Financial risks: disruption to the balance of

the economic model, lack of financial liquidity,

disorganisation of the expenditure chain,

destabilisation of financial processes,

lack of cost management, etc.

– Extra-financial risks: worksite safety,

environmental impacts and nuisance,

waste management and source

of materials used, greenhouse gas

emissions, consequences of climate change

or violent weather events, etc.

MAIN RISK FACTORS

– Contractual risks: unfavourable competitive

conditions, risks related to the awarding of contracts,

contract execution, difficulties related to the

management of services, etc.

– Risks related to studies and works: difficulties in

managing deadlines, programme instability,

interface problems, failure to obtain regulatory

authorisations, failure in land acquisition, lack of

worksite safety, risks related to preparatory

works, to underground works (risks related to the

construction of tunnels, stations, ancillary

structures), to surrounding areas, to land treatment,

failure to integrate systems, failure to protect

the environment, failure to prepare for operation

and maintenance, failure to meet functional

requirements, etc.

Activities monitored in an even more integrated way and control mechanisms strengthened across all areas, including costs, contracts, deadlines, safety and quality.

IDENTITY

RISKS AND CHALLENGES

Risks

CSR APPROACH

2020 ACTIVITY